Strontium is a silvery metal found naturally as a non-radioactive element. About 99% of the strontium in the human body is concentrated in the bones. Several different forms of strontium are used as medicine and strontium chloride is the most common form of strontium found in dietary supplements.
People use strontium for conditions such as tooth sensitivity, weak and brittle bones (osteoporosis), osteoarthritis, prostate cancer, and others. There isn't enough reliable information to know if the form of strontium contained in dietary supplements (strontium chloride) is safe.
A special form of strontium called strontium ranelate can increase bone formation and prevent bone loss when used in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. It's not known if strontium contained in dietary supplements has these effects.
A radioactive form of strontium may kill some cancer cells. This type of strontium is not available in dietary supplements.
There is some interest in using strontium for osteoarthritis because developing research suggests it might boost the formation of collagen and cartilage in joints.
There is also interest in studying strontium for preventing tooth decay because researchers have noticed fewer dental caries in some population groups who drink public water that contains relatively high levels of strontium.
A special form of strontium called strontium ranelate can increase bone formation and prevent bone loss when used in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. It's not known if strontium contained in dietary supplements has these effects.
A radioactive form of strontium may kill some cancer cells. This type of strontium is not available in dietary supplements.
There is some interest in using strontium for osteoarthritis because developing research suggests it might boost the formation of collagen and cartilage in joints.
There is also interest in studying strontium for preventing tooth decay because researchers have noticed fewer dental caries in some population groups who drink public water that contains relatively high levels of strontium.
When taken by mouth: Strontium is LIKELY SAFE when taken in amounts found in food. The typical diet includes 0.5-1.5 mg of strontium per day. Taking a prescription form of strontium, known as strontium ranelate, for up to 10 years is POSSIBLY SAFE. Strontium ranelate might cause side effects such as stomach pain, diarrhea, and headache in some people. This form of strontium is not available in the U.S.
Taking very high doses of strontium by mouth is POSSIBLY UNSAFE. High doses of strontium might damage the bones.
There isn't enough reliable information to know if the form of strontium typically contained in dietary supplements (strontium chloride) is safe or what the side effects might be.
When given by IV: The prescription form of strontium known as strontium-89 chloride is LIKELY SAFE when given intravenously (by IV) under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
When applied to the teeth:Toothpastes (Sensodyne-SC) that contain strontium are LIKELY SAFE and have received safety approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
When taken by mouth: Strontium is LIKELY SAFE when taken in amounts found in food. The typical diet includes 0.5-1.5 mg of strontium per day. Taking a prescription form of strontium, known as strontium ranelate, for up to 10 years is POSSIBLY SAFE. Strontium ranelate might cause side effects such as stomach pain, diarrhea, and headache in some people. This form of strontium is not available in the U.S.
Taking very high doses of strontium by mouth is POSSIBLY UNSAFE. High doses of strontium might damage the bones.
There isn't enough reliable information to know if the form of strontium typically contained in dietary supplements (strontium chloride) is safe or what the side effects might be.
When given by IV: The prescription form of strontium known as strontium-89 chloride is LIKELY SAFE when given intravenously (by IV) under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
When applied to the teeth:Toothpastes (Sensodyne-SC) that contain strontium are LIKELY SAFE and have received safety approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Strontium is LIKELY SAFE to take in food amounts or use in a toothpaste (Sensodyne-SC) when pregnant or breast-feeding. There isn't enough reliable information to know if taking strontium by mouth in larger amounts is safe when pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and stick to food amounts. A specific prescription form of strontium, strontium-89, is LIKELY UNSAFE during pregnancy and breast-feeding. It is a radioactive material that might harm the fetus. It may also pass into breast milk and could harm a nursing infant.
Heart disease: Don't use strontium if you have high blood pressure or heart disease.
Cerebrovascular disease (stroke): Don't use strontium if you have a history of stroke or poor circulation to the brain.
Paget's disease (a bone disease): Use strontium with caution. The bones of people with Paget's disease seem to take up more strontium than normal. It's not known how important this finding is for health.
Peripheral arterial disease (decreased blood flow through veins): Don't use strontium if you have peripheral arterial disease.
Kidney problems: Strontium is eliminated by the kidneys and can build up in people with poor kidney function. Use strontium supplements with caution if you have kidney disease. Strontium ranelate should not be used if kidney disease is advanced.
Blood clotting disorders: Strontium ranelate is associated with a small increased risk of blood clots. There is concern that strontium might be more likely to cause blot clots in people with blood clotting disorders or those at high risk of blood clotting. It's best not to use strontium if you have a clotting disorder.
Be cautious with this combination
Antacids are used to decrease stomach acid. They can decrease strontium absorption. To avoid this interaction, take antacids at least two hours after taking strontium products.
Strontium can attach to some antibiotics called quinolones in the stomach. This decreases the amount of quinolones that can be absorbed. Taking strontium with quinolones might decrease their effectiveness. To avoid this interaction, take strontium at least 2 hours before or after taking quinolones.
Strontium can attach to some antibiotics called tetracyclines in the stomach. This decreases the amount of tetracyclines that can be absorbed. Taking strontium with tetracyclines can decrease their effects. To avoid this interaction, take strontium at least 2 hours before or after taking tetracyclines.
Estrogens might decrease how fast the body gets rid of strontium. This could cause the body to have too much strontium and potentially cause side effects.
Male hormones (Androgens) might decrease how fast the body gets rid of strontium. This could cause the body to have too much strontium and potentially cause side effects.
The following doses have been studied in scientific research:
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Anastasilakis, A. D., Polyzos, S. A., Avramidis, A., Papatheodorou, A., and Terpos, E. Effect of strontium ranelate on lumbar spine bone mineral density in women with established osteoporosis previously treated with teriparatide. Horm.Metab Res. 2009;41(7):559-562. View abstract.
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Boivin, G., Farlay, D., Khebbab, M. T., Jaurand, X., Delmas, P. D., and Meunier, P. J. In osteoporotic women treated with strontium ranelate, strontium is located in bone formed during treatment with a maintained degree of mineralization. Osteoporos.Int. 2010;21(4):667-677. View abstract.
Bolland, M. J., Grey, A. B., Gamble, G. D., and Reid, I. R. Effect of osteoporosis treatment on mortality: a meta-analysis. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab 2010;95(3):1174-1181. View abstract.
Boonen, S., Laan, R. F., Barton, I. P., and Watts, N. B. Effect of osteoporosis treatments on risk of non-vertebral fractures: review and meta-analysis of intention-to-treat studies. Osteoporos.Int. 2005;16(10):1291-1298. View abstract.
Bruyere, O., Burlet, N., Delmas, P. D., Rizzoli, R., Cooper, C., and Reginster, J. Y. Evaluation of symptomatic slow-acting drugs in osteoarthritis using the GRADE system. BMC.Musculoskelet.Disord. 2008;9:165. View abstract.
Bruyere, O., Delferriere, D., Roux, C., Wark, J. D., Spector, T., Devogelaer, J. P., Brixen, K., Adami, S., Fechtenbaum, J., Kolta, S., and Reginster, J. Y. Effects of strontium ranelate on spinal osteoarthritis progression. Ann.Rheum.Dis. 2008;67(3):335-339. View abstract.
Bruyere, O., Roux, C., Detilleux, J., Slosman, D. O., Spector, T. D., Fardellone, P., Brixen, K., Devogelaer, J. P., Diaz-Curiel, M., Albanese, C., Kaufman, J. M., Pors-Nielsen, S., and Reginster, J. Y. Relationship between bone mineral density changes and fracture risk reduction in patients treated with strontium ranelate. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab 2007;92(8):3076-3081. View abstract.
Busse, B., Jobke, B., Hahn, M., Priemel, M., Niecke, M., Seitz, S., Zustin, J., Semler, J., and Amling, M. Effects of strontium ranelate administration on bisphosphonate-altered hydroxyapatite: Matrix incorporation of strontium is accompanied by changes in mineralization and microstructure. Acta Biomater. 2010;6(12):4513-4521. View abstract.
Chesnut III, C. H., Skag, A., Christiansen, C., Recker, R., Stakkestad, J. A., Hoiseth, A., Felsenberg, D., Huss, H., Gilbride, J., Schimmer, R. C., and Delmas, P. D. Effects of oral ibandronate administered daily or intermittently on fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J.Bone Miner.Res. 2004;19(8):1241-1249. View abstract.
Chesnut, C. H., III, Silverman, S., Andriano, K., Genant, H., Gimona, A., Harris, S., Kiel, D., LeBoff, M., Maricic, M., Miller, P., Moniz, C., Peacock, M., Richardson, P., Watts, N., and Baylink, D. A randomized trial of nasal spray salmon calcitonin in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis: the prevent recurrence of osteoporotic fractures study. PROOF Study Group. Am J Med. 2000;109(4):267-276. View abstract.
Cheung, K. M., Lu, W. W., Luk, K. D., Wong, C. T., Chan, D., Shen, J. X., Qiu, G. X., Zheng, Z. M., Li, C. H., Liu, S. L., Chan, W. K., and Leong, J. C. Vertebroplasty by use of a strontium-containing bioactive bone cement. Spine (Phila Pa 1976.) 9-1-2005;30(17 Suppl):S84-S91. View abstract.
Cohen-Solal, M. E., Augry, F., Mauras, Y., Morieux, C., Allain, P., and De Vernejoul, M. C. Fluoride and strontium accumulation in bone does not correlate with osteoid tissue in dialysis patients. Nephrol.Dial.Transplant. 2002;17(3):449-454. View abstract.
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Cummings SR, McClung MR Christiansen C et al. A phase III study of the effects of denosumab on vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fracture in women with osteoporosis: results from the FREEDOM trial [Abstract 1286]. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(S80)
Cummings, S. R., Black, D. M., Thompson, D. E., Applegate, W. B., Barrett-Connor, E., Musliner, T. A., Palermo, L., Prineas, R., Rubin, S. M., Scott, J. C., Vogt, T., Wallace, R., Yates, A. J., and LaCroix, A. Z. Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA 12-23-1998;280(24):2077-2082. View abstract.
D'Haese, P. C., Schrooten, I., Goodman, W. G., Cabrera, W. E., Lamberts, L. V., Elseviers, M. M., Couttenye, M. M., and De Broe, M. E. Increased bone strontium levels in hemodialysis patients with osteomalacia. Kidney Int. 2000;57(3):1107-1114. View abstract.
Doggrell, S. A. Recent important clinical trials of drugs in osteoporosis. Expert.Opin.Pharmacother. 2004;5(7):1635-1638. View abstract.
Doublier, A., Farlay, D., Khebbab, M. T., Jaurand, X., Meunier, P. J., and Boivin, G. Distribution of strontium and mineralization in iliac bone biopsies from osteoporotic women treated long-term with strontium ranelate. Eur.J.Endocrinol. 2011;165(3):469-476. View abstract.
Ettinger, B., Black, D. M., Mitlak, B. H., Knickerbocker, R. K., Nickelsen, T., Genant, H. K., Christiansen, C., Delmas, P. D., Zanchetta, J. R., Stakkestad, J., Gluer, C. C., Krueger, K., Cohen, F. J., Eckert, S., Ensrud, K. E., Avioli, L. V., Lips, P., and Cummings, S. R. Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) Investigators. JAMA 8-18-1999;282(7):637-645. View abstract.
Fidelix, T. S., Soares, B. G., and Trevisani, V. F. Diacerein for osteoarthritis. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2006;(1):CD005117. View abstract.
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Gillam, D. G., Bulman, J. S., Jackson, R. J., and Newman, H. N. Comparison of 2 desensitizing dentifrices with a commercially available fluoride dentifrice in alleviating cervical dentine sensitivity. J Periodontol. 1996;67(8):737-742. View abstract.
Gillam, D. G., Newman, H. N., and Bulman, J. S. The effect of strontium chloride hexahydrate dentifrices on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. J.Clin.Periodontol. 1992;19(10):737-740. View abstract.
Gillam, D. G., Newman, H. N., Bulman, J. S., and Davies, E. H. Dentifrice abrasivity and cervical dentinal hypersensitivity. Results 12 weeks following cessation of 8 weeks' supervised use. J.Periodontol. 1992;63(1):7-12. View abstract.
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Hahn, G. S. Strontium is a potent and selective inhibitor of sensory irritation. Dermatol.Surg. 1999;25(9):689-694. View abstract.
Harris, S. T., Watts, N. B., Genant, H. K., McKeever, C. D., Hangartner, T., Keller, M., Chesnut, C. H., III, Brown, J., Eriksen, E. F., Hoseyni, M. S., Axelrod, D. W., and Miller, P. D. Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. Vertebral Efficacy With Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. JAMA 10-13-1999;282(14):1344-1352. View abstract.
Hernandez, F., Mohammed, C., Shannon, I., Volpe, A., and King, W. Clinical study evaluating the desensitizing effect and duration of two commercially available dentifrices. J.Periodontol. 1972;43(6):367-372. View abstract.
Hollriegl, V., Li, W. B., and Oeh, U. Human biokinetics of strontium--part II: Final data evaluation of intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of strontium in human subjects after stable tracer administration. Radiat.Environ.Biophys. 2006;45(3):179-185. View abstract.
Hughes, N., Mason, S., Jeffery, P., Welton, H., Tobin, M., O'Shea, C., and Browne, M. A comparative clinical study investigating the efficacy of a test dentifrice containing 8% strontium acetate and 1040 ppm sodium fluoride versus a marketed control dentifrice containing 8% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1450 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate in reducing dentinal hypersensitivity. J Clin.Dent. 2010;21(2):49-55. View abstract.
Hwang, J. S., Chen, J. F., Yang, T. S., Wu, D. J., Tsai, K. S., Ho, C., Wu, C. H., Su, S. L., Wang, C. J., and Tu, S. T. The effects of strontium ranelate in Asian women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcif.Tissue Int. 2008;83(5):308-314. View abstract.
Johnson, G. H., Bales, D. J., Gordon, G. E., and Powell, L. V. Clinical performance of posterior composite resin restorations. Quintessence.Int. 1992;23(10):705-711. View abstract.
Kanapka, J. A. Over-the-counter dentifrices in the treatment of tooth hypersensitivity. Review of clinical studies. Dent.Clin.North Am. 1990;34(3):545-560. View abstract.
Kanis, J. A., Johansson, H., Oden, A., and McCloskey, E. V. A meta-analysis of the effect of strontium ranelate on the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fracture in postmenopausal osteoporosis and the interaction with FRAX((R)). Osteoporos.Int. 2011;22(8):2347-2355. View abstract.
Kobler, A., Kub, O., Schaller, H. G., and Gernhardt, C. R. Clinical effectiveness of a strontium chloride- containing desensitizing agent over 6 months: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Quintessence.Int. 2008;39(4):321-325. View abstract.
Krachler, M., Domej, W., and Irgolic, K. J. Concentrations of trace elements in osteoarthritic knee-joint effusions. Biol.Trace Elem.Res. 2000;75(1-3):253-263. View abstract.
Liberman, U. A., Weiss, S. R., Broll, J., Minne, H. W., Quan, H., Bell, N. H., Rodriguez-Portales, J., Downs, R. W., Jr., Dequeker, J., and Favus, M. Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. The Alendronate Phase III Osteoporosis Treatment Study Group. N.Engl.J.Med. 11-30-1995;333(22):1437-1443. View abstract.
Liu, J. M., Wai-Chee, Kung A., Pheng, C. S., Zhu, H. M., Zhang, Z. L., Wu, Y. Y., Xu, L., Meng, X. W., Huang, M. L., Chung, L. P., Hussain, N. H., Sufian, S. S., and Chen, J. L. Efficacy and safety of 2 g/day of strontium ranelate in Asian women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone 2009;45(3):460-465. View abstract.
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Loutit, J. F. Diurnal variation in urinary excretion of calcium and strontium. Proc.R.Soc.Lond B Biol.Sci. 7-27-1965;162(989):458-472. View abstract.
Lyles, K. W., Colon-Emeric, C. S., Magaziner, J. S., Adachi, J. D., Pieper, C. F., Mautalen, C., Hyldstrup, L., Recknor, C., Nordsletten, L., Moore, K. A., Lavecchia, C., Zhang, J., Mesenbrink, P., Hodgson, P. K., Abrams, K., Orloff, J. J., Horowitz, Z., Eriksen, E. F., and Boonen, S. Zoledronic Acid in Reducing Clinical Fracture and Mortality after Hip Fracture. N.Engl.J.Med. 2007;357:nihpa40967. View abstract.
Malaise, O., Bruyere, O., and Reginster, J. Y. Strontium ranelate normalizes bone mineral density in osteopenic patients. Aging Clin.Exp.Res. 2007;19(4):330-333. View abstract.
Manicourt, D. H., Azria, M., Mindeholm, L., Thonar, E. J., and Devogelaer, J. P. Oral salmon calcitonin reduces Lequesne's algofunctional index scores and decreases urinary and serum levels of biomarkers of joint metabolism in knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(10):3205-3211. View abstract.
Marquis, P., Roux, C., de la Loge, C., Diaz-Curiel, M., Cormier, C., Isaia, G., Badurski, J., Wark, J., and Meunier, P. J. Strontium ranelate prevents quality of life impairment in post-menopausal women with established vertebral osteoporosis. Osteoporos.Int. 2008;19(4):503-510. View abstract.
Mason, S., Hughes, N., Sufi, F., Bannon, L., Maggio, B., North, M., and Holt, J. A comparative clinical study investigating the efficacy of a dentifrice containing 8% strontium acetate and 1040 ppm fluoride in a silica base and a control dentifrice containing 1450 ppm fluoride in a silica base to provide immediate relief of dentin hypersensitivity. J.Clin.Dent. 2010;21(2):42-48. View abstract.
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